beginning there is a general/much/public discussion/debate/controversy today/nowadays on/about/over/as to something , those who criticize/object to … argue that …/ they believe that … ,but people who advocate/favor … , on the other hand, argue that … now people in growing/ever-increasing/significant numbers are beginning/coming/getting to believe/realize/recognize/understand/accept/see/be aware that … most dangerous/disastrous/undesirable for … is the trend/tendency/phenomenon … never in chinese history/nowhere in the world has the idea/issue/change of … been more evident/popular than … ending in a word, it is rather superficial to simply say that……. ending the essay/article/composition taking into account all these factors, judging from all the evidence offered, 1. considering all the factors above, we may/could safely draw/reach because of all the above reasons, from what has been discussed above, come to/arrive at the conclusion that … 2 obviously/undoubtedly/clearly, all the evidence/analysis supports/justifies/confirms/ warrants/points to/leads toa remarkable/sound/just/unmistakable/ unshakable/undoubted conclusion/view/viewpoints/idea/result/consequence that … . citing examples it provides a typical/concrete instance of case in point of … to the already familiar evidence, a great deal of further evidence may be added. it/this sets forth(阐明) the important fact that … all available/indisputable evidence points to the facts that/ piles up to show that… there is (no)sufficient/considerable evidence to show as to against/in favor of … stating comparison & making analysis: good/superior/wonderful as a is, … . it has its own disadvantages, too. for one thing, it … . for another, it … . although a secures/enjoys/gains/has enormous/much/substantial (ample; sustaining)/considerable/a distinct advantage over/of … , it cannot compete with b in … . although everyone believes that … , i doubt/wonder whether the argument bears much analysis/close examination. as opposed to/ contrary to widely/commonly/generally held/accepted belief/idea/views, i believe/argue that … . although the popular/nationwide/commonly-accepted belief/idea/assumption is that … , a current/new/recentstudy/survey/poll/investigation indicates/shows/demonstrates that … although the inclination/tendency to ... is desirable/laudable/understandable, one may still wonder whether … is fair. they may be right about … , but they seem to neglect/fail to mention/take into account the fact that … although it is commonly/widely/generally held/felt/accepted/agreed that … , it is unlikely to be true that … it is true that … ,/true,/to be sure,/admittedly, but this is not to say/it is unlikely/it doesn’ t follow/it doesn’t mean/it won’t be the case that … it would be possible/nature/reasonable to think/believe/take the view that …, but it would be foolish/absurd/an error/wrong to claim/argue that … foolish/absurd/wrong to believe that … there is absolutely/in fact no reason for us to reject/believe/accept/resist that … he emphasized that only when the positive qualities outweigh the dangers does healthy psychosocial development take place. = he emphasized that the healthy psychosocial development take place only when the positive qualities outweigh the dangers. explaining reasons one may attribute/ascribe/owe the increase/decrease/change to … , but … is not by itself an adequate explanation. one may trace this trend/problem back to … , but it doesn’t answer the question of …/ why… why are/do/did …? for one thing,/one reason is … . for another,/another is … . perhaps the primary/main/most important reason is … . … is also/partly/mainly/solely/chiefly responsible for the change in … the reasons/causes for … are varied/many/complicated/profound and ,and it would be more maybe/perhaps/probably they lie/are found in the fact … expressing figures the figure/percentage/number/population has nearly/almost/more than doubled/tripled compared with/as compared with/as against that of last year. it has reached/approached/risen to something of a plateau/50 percent/to an average of 50 percent in the recent 5 years/the past few years. sometime, only/less than/more than/almost/about/over/as many as three-quarters/30 percent of/one out of five/one in four somebody, as against/as compared with some other time, preferred to/liked … 引出，导致： 1.cause/produce/bring about 2.spark, spur, fuel, motivate, stimulate, inspire the discovery sparked us to future study. the new book spurs interest in his course. 趋势：inclination/tendency 大约：approximately, roughly, about, more or less 上升：increase/ rise/jump/shot up/ reach/approach/rise to/promote/intensify/enhance 下降：decrease/drop/fell/decline/diminish/degenerate(堕落) 快速增长：rapid increases/ exponential leaps/ increase exponentially 起源：originate from/ in/ with , stem from, be derived from, begin, start 归属：be directly attribute to, ascribe to, owe to 凑字：to some extent, 占：account for a third of our economic growth, 支持：advocate, support, be in favor of 反对：oppose, disagree, be against, 可以：can, be capable of, 特别地：especially, notably, particularly. 缺点：drawback, disadvantage, shortcoming, problem 除此之外：just beyond this, what’s more, furthermore, also, besides, moreover, at the other end of the scale, at the other side of the coin, on the other hand, in addition 换句话说：that is, that is to say, in other words, 转折：but nonetheless(nevertheless), despite … , though, even though, in spite of 相像：similar with, share many feather with … 开始：embark on, start, set out on 有名：be reputed to ease stress, be known of, be famous for 不能比较： unmatched intensity, unique, incomparable, beyond all, unprecedented, without of comparison, than any … before or since 关于：with respect to, related to, with regard to, concerning 永远：remain … over time 缺乏：be devoid of, lack(vt.), be short of, be deficient in 精心的：elaborate, painstaking, result in more skin cancer than does any other risk factor it has taken only this slight increase in sea surface temperature to sicken … … has increased the importance of parties to the point where … a (kind of change) to the point where b this can be seen in the growth of … (rising examples) the growing share of national income devoted to … the presence has shifted capitalist economy away from traditional market forces and toward government administration of markets. another important area of law concerns the labor force. undertake project intervene in their eco. there is no accounting for taste. the tourism industry exploded. …, as well as … they consist of people who … = comprise have a sharp impact on … = influence depriving some area while drenching others (expressing contrast) so much sentimentality is attached to the rose in popular culture that it is difficult to separate the original … from … some … , while others … , depending on … large brains relative to their body size is one of the few instance in the … of a skill that is lateralized. come to understand many people think of solar energy in terms of direct heat from the sun. (= is) differ from the majority in terms of … from … and … , through … and … , and eventually, to … … is conveyed in the ways other than … two ways, either by … or by … … is second only to … … is a double-edged sword. be critical to … = is the most important thing of … and at no time has change ever been as rapid as in the age of humans.(倒装) more than an end to war, we want an end to the beginning of all wars.---- franklin. d. roosevelt all wars are civil wars, because all men are brothers. success is not final, failure is not fatal, it is courage to continue that counts.----winston churchill one of the great men once remarked that ....... now more and more people share the belief… man is the lord of all creation. everything comes in time to him that can wait. good health is above wealth. no pains, no gains. every tide has ebb. the more the one has, the more the one wants. god helps those who help themselves. all work and no play make jack a dull boy. ：it is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.

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